In a class that I recently finished called Strategies for Open Innovation, one of the key aspects was how to create systems which enable knowledge brokering. There are various classifications of knowledge, however, without getting too much into epistemology, here are six of the more well known characterizations:

A Priori This is knowledge that is literally "from before." It is the knowledge that somebody holds about the world without needing to experience it to understand it.
A Posteriori Opposite from a priori, this is knowledge that is "from what comes later." Essentially, this type of knowledge requires that you experience something and then use logic and reasoning to understand it after. In science, some people use this term interchangeably with empirical knowledge.
Explicit This is knowledge that is able to be recorded and communicated through mediums. A good example of this would be the names of all 50 states.
Implicit Opposite from explicit, implicit knowledge is very difficult to share among others. A good example may be knowing how to use the scalpel for brain surgery. There are elements in terms of touch, feel, and intuition that cannot be taught without large amounts of practice. Another good example would be how to play the violin. Tacit knowledge can only be communicated through extensive relationships or contact.
Propositional Essentially this type of knowledge that can be expressed in propositions or declarative statements. These lend themselves to knowledge of something.
Non-Propositional Again, opposite from propositional knowledge, non-propositional knowledge is the knowledge that can be used to accomplish tasks. It is the knowledge of how to do something.

Now that this is out of the way, in our class, we worked on different methods for how to communicate all these types of knowledge within organizations (and societies). This is hugely important because if the networking assets are not in place within an organization, institutional knowledge that is baked within the firm will eventually vanish. Good knowledge brokering should make organizations more sustainable in this way.

Anyway, I wanted to get more into instructional design. Instructional design or instructional systems design is the practice of creating experiences which make the acquisition of knowledge and skill more efficient. The process starts by looking at the state and needs of the learner and then designing an intervention.

The most well known process for developing these interventions is known as ADDIE which stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. This process reminds me a lot of the methods and frameworks used in design thinking. There are other versions of this process. One which is used by the Navy is called PADDIE+M where P is planning and M is maintenance.

There are certainly more complicated models such as the Dick and Carey Systems Model Approach. In clear contrast from design thinking (where the methods and frameworks are core) the most important piece here seems to be the higher level distinctions of where one is in the process.

**The Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model**

The world of education is one that really excites me, and I want to explore this more. Motivation is a key aspect of learning as well as instructional design. There is a model called ARCS which stands for Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction. Very interesting stuff, and I can already see uses for how this will affect the way I give presentations in the future.